Joe Root won the toss and opted to bowl. Ben Stokes replaced Sam Curran for them, while India made three changes. Shikhar Dhawan, Rishabh Pant and Jasprit Bumrah came in for Murali Vijay, Dinesh Karthik and Kuldeep Yadav.
Shikhar Dhawan and KL Rahul put on a 60-run opening stand, India's best overseas in a while, before the former fell to an edge off Chris Woakes.
After KL Rahul fell LBW to Woakes, Cheteshwar Pujara hooked the ball straight to fine leg with two balls left for the lunch.
Woakes picked all the three wickets to fall in the first session.
Ajinkya Rahane and Virat Kohli put on 159 for the fourth wicket as England failed to pick a wicket in the second session.
Virat Kohli, looking edgy early on, battled through some ripping bowling spells to drive India ahead.
Kohli fell on 97, edging a drive off Adil Rashid to Ben Stokes at second slip. Rahane too fell short of his century before that, edging Stuart Broad to slip.
Rishabh Pant, on his Test debut, got off the mark with a six off Adil Rashid.
Hardik Pandya fell at the stroke of stumps on Day 1, after having kept England's bowlers at bay following Kohli's dismissal.